Treating TMJ pain within the biopsychosocial model

You may be familiar with the biopsychosocial model, which is now widely regarded as the most effective approach for managing chronic pain. However, in case you're not, let me provide a brief explanation.

The biopsychosocial model is a holistic approach to understanding health and illness. It considers three interconnected factors:

• Biological: Genetics, physical health, and bodily functions.

• Psychological: Thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.

• Social: Environment, relationships, and cultural influences.

  
  

This model, introduced by Dr. George Engel in 1977, moves beyond the traditional medical model, recognising that health is shaped by multiple influences rather than just biological causes. It helps healthcare professionals provide more personalised and effective treatments by considering the full picture of a person's well-being.

As an advanced clinical massage therapist using the Jing Method™, I work within the biopsychosocial model. The individuals who seek my treatment are far more than just their physical symptoms, and I always give enough time for consultation to thoroughly understand what they are experiencing before treatment begins.

Through clinical experience, I've learned that an individual's TMJ pain is likely influenced by multiple factors within the biopsychosocial model, and treatment is most effective when applied within this framework.

Here's a general summary of symptoms and related factors I see in clinical practice, along with different potential treatment options and other recommendations for each category within the model.

Biological

Symptoms and relevant factors

This would include the physical symptoms a person presents with in relation to their TMJ pain such clenching or grinding their teeth, headaches, migraines, jaw pain, forward head posture, and chronic neck and shoulder pain. Along with other factors relating to their general health and wellbeing, such as poor sleep, which may also be relevant to their TMJ pain.

Treatment options and suggestions

In addition to providing skilled and effective hands-on clinical massage, which includes intra-oral techniques, I offer guidance on performing safe and effective self-massage techniques, pain focused meditations, and stretches. Yin yoga can be beneficial. I also provide suggestions for improving sleeping positions and may recommend specific pillows.

Psychological

Symptoms and relevant factors

A person's thoughts and feelings about their TMJ pain is extremely relevant. Chronic pain can be overwhelming and demoralising, with research indicating a link between TMJ pain and depression, though the causality is unclear. Anxiety is also a factor for many people. Clinically, TMJ pain is often seen in individuals who overwork, aim to please others, or struggle to express their true selves and feelings.

Treatment options and suggestions

Education and information are so important. Understanding how psychological and emotional factors influence TMJ pain can be powerful and motivating. Based on individual needs, I may suggest taking breaks from screens, spending time in nature, journaling to express emotions, practicing yoga nidra for stress relief, or seeking formal mental health and emotional wellbeing support alongside clinical massage treatment.

Social

Symptoms and relevant factors

Many people seeking treatment with me are parent carers who face significant social challenges, such as social isolation due to their responsibilities. For us all, personal relationships can be difficult, with issues like divorce, bereavement, new parenthood, moving home, caring for a parent, or workplace challenges. Additionally, for many, there are financial pressures. These stressors often manifest as jaw pain and tension.

Treatment options and suggestions

Again, education and information are helpful for understanding how social factors influence TMJ pain. While I am not a counsellor, I can listen which in itself can be therapeutic. I often remind parent carers to take time for themselves, whether by simply connecting with a friend online or participating in activities they might enjoy like joining a local choir. Seeking workplace support can also be empowering if needed.

As you can see, hands-on clinical TMJ massage is only one aspect of addressing TMJ pain. There is much that individuals can do in addition to their hour on my massage table. As a Jing Method™ advanced clinical massage therapist and TMJ specialist, I collaborate with clients who select me as their therapist and will offer many and varied self-care suggestions and advice similar to what I've listed above. This holistic approach is what achieves the best outcomes!

If you're keen to know more about TMJ massage and how it may be able to help your jaw pain, you can book a free 15 minute Discovery Call

If you'd like to book in for treatment, and have not been to me before, please choose New Client Advanced Clinical Massage for the TMJ

Reduced rate treatments are available for parent carers of SEND children and young people.

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Written by Nicky Mandala

BTEC Level 6 Advanced Clinical and Sports Massage Therapist and TMJ Specialist